Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

• Definition: A developmental condition affecting social interaction, communication, and behavior. People with autism often have unique strengths and challenges, as well as sensory sensitivities.

• Example: An adult might prefer to work alone, struggle with small talk in social settings, and feel overwhelmed by bright lights but excel in a technical or detail-oriented job.

 

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Definition: A condition characterized by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can impact focus, self-control, and organization.

• Example: An adult might have trouble keeping up with emails at work but can brainstorm creative ideas under pressure.

 

Dyslexia

• Definition: A learning difference that primarily affects reading and language processing, making it challenging to decode words, spell, and read fluently despite normal intelligence.

• Example: An employee might struggle to write reports but thrive in giving compelling verbal presentations.

 

Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder, DCD)

• Definition: A condition affecting motor coordination and planning, often leading to difficulties with physical tasks, balance, and sometimes organization or speech.

• Example: An adult might avoid sports due to clumsiness but excel in a creative field like graphic design or writing.

 

Dyscalculia

• Definition: A learning difference that affects an individual’s ability to understand numbers, perform arithmetic, and grasp mathematical concepts.

• Example: An adult might use a calculator for basic budgeting tasks but be highly skilled in artistic or verbal fields.

 

Tourette Syndrome

• Definition: A neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations known as tics.

• Example: A professional might have motor or vocal tics, such as shoulder shrugging or throat clearing, but still maintain a successful career in a variety of occupations.

 

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

• Definition: A condition involving unwanted, repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing a feared outcome.

• Example: An adult might feel the need to repeatedly check their locked door before leaving home, despite knowing it is secure.

 

Bipolar Disorder

• Definition: A mood disorder marked by alternating periods of emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression), affecting energy, mood, and focus.

• Example: An entrepreneur might launch multiple ventures during a manic phase but feel unable to get out of bed during a depressive phase.

 

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)

• Definition: A condition in which the brain has difficulty receiving and responding to sensory input, leading to hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to stimuli such as sounds, lights, or textures.

• Example: An adult might avoid shopping malls due to overwhelming noise and bright lights but find comfort in a calm, dimly lit office space.

 

Anxiety Disorders

• Definition: A group of conditions where excessive fear, worry, or unease interfere with daily functioning. Common examples include generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder.

• Example: An adult might avoid networking events due to fear of speaking in public or feel persistently worried about deadlines even when ahead of schedule.